اثر رقابت در بانکداری بر شمول مالی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهشکده امور اقتصادی، تهران، ایران.

2 دکترای گروه اقتصاد مالی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.

10.22103/jdc.2022.18801.1193

چکیده

هدف: پژوهش حاضر، به منظور بررسی اثر رقابت در صنعت بانکداری بر شمول مالی انجام شده است که به دلیل نقش و جایگاه مهمی است که شمول مالی در رشد و توسعه اقتصادی ایفا می‌کند.
 روش: در این مطالعه از روش تخمین گشتاورهای تعمیم یافته که توسط آرلانو و باند (1991) ارائه گردید استفاده شده است. داده‌های به کار رفته در این پژوهش، مربوط به 35 کشور در حال توسعه و در بازه زمانی 2018-2004 است.
 یافته‌ها: افزایش انحصار (کاهش رقابت) در صنعت بانکداری موجب کاهش شمول مالی در کشورهای مورد بررسی شده است. همچنین، رشد تولید سرانه نیز اثر مثبت و معنادار بر شمول مالی داشت. در نهایت اینکه توسعه مالی در شرایط لحاظ نسبت اعتبارات به GDP به عنوان یک متغیر کنترلی در الگو، دارای اثر مثبت و معنادار بر شمول مالی بود.
 نتیجه‌گیری: در کشورهای در حال توسعه، با توجه به اثر منفی کاهش میزان رقابت بر شمول مالی، هر چه انحصار در نظام پولی و اعتباری بیشتر شود، میزان دسترسی خانوارها به بازار پول و جایگزین‌های رسمی آن به منظور ترمیم نیاز مالی و اعتباری خود کمتر خواهد شد. پیامد این مسأله، تمایل افراد به تأمین مالی از منابع غیررسمی است که نتیجه آن نیز کاهش شمول مالی در اقتصاد است. بر این اساس پیشنهاد می‌شود سیاست و ضوابط بانکداری به گونه‌ای تدوین شود که بتواند موجب بهبود وضعیت شمول مالی و در نتیجه پیامدهای آن بر متغیرهای اصلی اقتصاد کلان شود. همچنین ضرورت دارد در سیاست‌گذاری‌ها به ظرفیت‌های استفاده از فناوری‌های نوین در بهبود شمول مالی توجه شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


پوستین‌چی، مجتبی؛ تحصیلی، حسن؛ کریم‌زاده، مصطفی (1395). تأثیر رقابت در صنعت بانکداری بر ثبات بانک‌ها. دوفصلنامه اقتصاد پولی، مالی (دانش وتوسعه سابق)، 23(11)، 145-123.
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نظریان، رافیک؛ فرهادی‌پور، محمدرضا؛ فرجی، علی (1392). تأثیر رقابت درصنعت بانکداری بر اثربخشی انتقال آثار سیاست پولی از طریق کانال وام‌دهی بانک. فصلنامه روند، 20(61 و 62)، 74-43.
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