بررسی تأثیر تخلیه منابع طبیعی بر فقر، رشد اقتصادی و نابرابری در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده اقتصاد، مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران.

10.22103/jdc.2024.23663.1481

چکیده

هدف: به طور مشخص این پژوهش به دنبال شواهد تجربی برای پاسخ به این سؤال است که آیا تخلیه منابع طبیعی می‌تواند از طریق کاهش رشد اقتصادی و افزایش نابرابری موجب افزایش فقر شود؟
 
روش: روابط میان متغیرهای نرخ فقر، نابرابری درآمدی، تولید ناخالص داخلی سرانه و میزان انتشار کربن‌دی‌اکسیدی در قالب سیستم معادلات همزمان به روش گشتاورهای تعمیم‌یافته برآورد شده‌اند.
 
یافته‌ها: براساس برآورد مثلث رشد- فقر- نابرابری، این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد رشد اقتصادی در اقتصاد ایران با توجه به سطح نابرابری درآمدی، فقرزا بوده است. نتایج این پژوهش نتوانست توضیح‌دهنده رابطه مستقیم بین تخلیه منابع طبیعی و رشد اقتصادی باشد، اما نشان داد که تخلیه منابع طبیعی موجب افزایش فقر می‌شود و به طور غیرمستقیم از کانال فقر موجب نابرابری در توزیع درآمد و کاهش رشد اقتصادی خواهد شد. نتایج همچنین حاکی از آن است که انتشار کربن‌دی‌اکسیدی و مصرف سوخت‌های فسیلی به طور قابل‌توجهی میزان فقر را افزایش و موجب کاهش رشد اقتصادی شده که در ادامه به طور غیرمستقیم از کانال رشد اقتصادی نابرابری درآمدی را افزایش داده است.
 
نتیجه‌گیری: یکی از مهم‌ترین مشکلات برنامه‌های فقرزدایی که مانع از موفقیت آنها در سطوح ملی و بین‌المللی شده، نگاه تک بعدی مبتنی بر درآمد به این پدیده است. تک بعدی دانستن فقر سبب شده که دولت‌ها تصویر درستی از این پدیده نداشته باشند و به همین دلیل بسیاری از برنامه‌های فقرزدایی با شکست مواجه شده است. توجه به بعد محیط زیستی و شبکه روابط تعیین‌کننده فقر در برنامه‌ریزی‌ها باید بیش‌ازپیش مورد توجه قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


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